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Tema 30: e-scooters, special vehicles and the environment in the DGT exam

Three loose blocks: the e-scooter, special vehicles and low-emission zones. Each has its own closed list.

Reviewed on 6 October 2026 · sources: BOE and DGT

This tema gathers three loose blocks: the e-scooter (VMP), special vehicles and low-emission zones. Each has its own closed list.

  • A VMP is electric, single-seat and designed for 6 to 25 km/h. It may not use motorways (autopistas), dual carriageways (autovías) or through roads in built-up areas (travesías).
  • A special vehicle may enter a motorway or dual carriageway with authorisation if it exceeds masses or sizes, or if it can exceed 60 km/h on the flat. It includes farm machinery.
  • A low-emission zone restricts access, driving or parking according to the environmental badge: 0, ECO, C or B. Required: municipalities over 50,000 inhabitants, islands, and municipalities over 20,000 inhabitants that exceed the pollution limit.

Watch out: with no badge, the harshest restrictions; ECO and 0 get more access.

In DrivingLingo: study the road signs, review pedestrians, cyclists and animals and motorways and dual carriageways, then practise with the .

Source: RGV art. 22 bis and annex XXI; RGC art. 38.3 and 38.4; Ley 7/2021 art. 14.3; RD 1052/2022 art. 5; RGV annex II.E

Key rules of topic 30

What a VMP is

A VMP is electric, single-seat and designed for 6 to 25 km/h.

  • A seat only with self-balancing; above 100 VCC or 240 VCA it is not a VMP.
  • Not VMPs: reduced-mobility vehicles, pedal-assist bikes, mopeds.
  • Its rider is subject to the alcohol limit: 0.25 mg/l in breath or 0.5 g/l in blood.

Source: RGV art. 22 bis y anexo XXI, apartado 1; RGC art. 20; RDL 8/2004 art. 2.1.a)

Autovías (dual carriageways): VMP and special vehicles

A VMP may not use autopistas (motorways), dual carriageways or travesías.

  • Nor interurban roads or urban tunnels, except cycle lanes or roads with no motor vehicles.
  • Special vehicle: works or services, exempt from some technical conditions or beyond mass and size limits; includes farm machinery.
  • It may enter a motorway or dual carriageway with authorisation if it exceeds masses or sizes, or if it can exceed 60 km/h on the flat.

Source: RGC art. 38.3 y 38.4; TRLSV anexo I, conceptos 25, 26 y 28

ZBE (low-emission zone) and badges

A low-emission zone restricts access, driving or parking according to the vehicle's environmental badge.

  • Required: municipalities over 50,000 inhabitants, islands, and municipalities over 20,000 above the pollution limit.
  • Badges: 0, ECO, C, B. The 0: battery electric, extended-range, plug-in hybrid with 40 electric km or more, fuel cell.
  • ECO: plug-in under 40 km, hybrid, natural gas or LPG.

Source: Ley 7/2021 art. 14.3; RD 1052/2022 art. 5; RGV anexo II.E

Learn the rule, then practise it

Study topic 30 step by step: the rule, its citation and exam-style questions.

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